What Is a MAC Address?

The MAC address is a unique value associated with a network adapter. MAC addresses are also known as hardware addresses or physical addresses. They uniquely identify an adapter on a LAN.

MAC addresses are 12-digit hexadecimal numbers (48 bits in length). By convention, MAC addresses are usually written in one of the following two formats:

MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS

 

MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS

The first half of a MAC address contains the ID number of the adapter manufacturer. These IDs are regulated by an Internet standards body (see sidebar). The second half of a MAC address represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the manufacturer. In the example,

00:A0:C9:14:C8:29

The prefix

00A0C9

indicates the manufacturer is Intel Corporation.

 

 

MAC vs. IP Addressing

Whereas MAC addressing works at the data link layer, IP addressing functions at the network layer   (layer 3). It's a slight oversimplification, but one can think of IP addressing as supporting the software implementation and MAC addresses as supporting the hardware implementation of the network stack. The MAC address generally remains fixed and follows the network device, but the IP address changes as the network device moves from one network to another.

IP networks maintain a mapping between the IP address of a device and its MAC address. This mapping is known as the ARP cache or ARP table.

Find MAC Address of your Computer

1. Click on the Start Menu.
2. Click on 'Run & Type 'cmd' without quotes and press Enter.
3. At the command prompt, type 'ipconfig /all' without quotes. (space between g and /)

How to turn on automatic logon in Windows

turn on automatic logon, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type Regedt32.exe, and then press ENTER.
3. Locate the following subkey in the registry:
   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
4. Double-click the DefaultUserName entry, type your user name, and then click OK.
5. Double-click the DefaultPassword entry, type your password, and then click OK.NOTE: If the DefaultPassword value does not exist, it must be added. To add the value, follow these steps:
   
   
   1. On the Edit menu, click New, and then point to String Value.
   2. Type DefaultPassword, and then press ENTER.
   3. Double-click DefaultPassword.
   4. In the Edit String dialog, type your password and then click OK.
   NOTE: If no DefaultPassword string is specified, Windows automatically changes the value of the AutoAdminLogon key from 1 (true) to 0 (false), disabling the AutoAdminLogon feature

Recovery Console.........?

The Recovery Console is a command line based, advanced diagnostic feature available in some versions of the Windows operating system.

 

What is the Recovery Console Used For?:

The Recovery Console is used to help resolve a number of major system problems.
The Recovery Console is particularly useful for repairing or replacing important operating system files. When these files aren't working like they should, Windows will sometimes not startup at all. In these cases, you must start the Recovery Console to restore the files.

How is the Recovery Console Accessed?:

 

The Recovery Console is usually accessed from the original Windows installation CD. Alternatively, Recovery Console can be accessed from the boot menu but only if it has been preinstalled on your system.

Recovery Console Availability:

The Recovery Console feature is available in Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003.
Recovery Console is not available in Windows 7 or Windows Vista. Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP were the last Microsoft operating systems that contained Recovery Console.

Use Flash Memory (USB) as Virtual RAM in Windows 7 and Vista

Steps to convert USB memory in to virual RAM memory follow the steps below.

1. Connect USB memory to the computer (Vista or Windows 7)

2. Right click on USB drive and take properties

3. Click on tab ReadyBoost and apply

3. Click on tab ReadyBoost and apply

Note:-In Windows Vista it is limited to 4 GB while in Windows 7 it is upto 256 GB of additional memory by connecting maximum 8 different USB memories. Windows OS older than Vista don't support ReadyBoost technology. Currently Windows Server 2008 is also not supporting ReadyBoost technology.

Make Windows Bootable USB Drive without any Software

Note-OS required Windows,Window 7 DVD & 4 GB Pendrive.

Step1- Login as Administrator

Step2- Format Pendrive in NTFS & make it Active 

Step3-Open cmd prompt & Type  the following command now:

F:\>CD BOOT and hit enter.Where “F” is your DVD drive letter & G: for USB drive

CD BOOT and hit enter to see the below message.

7. Type another command given below to update the USB drive with BOOTMGR compatible code.

BOOTSECT.EXE /NT60 G:

Step4- Copy All Contents from windows 7 DVD to pendrive & install win7 in Mini laptop,notebook from pen drive.